A D&C can be either diagnostic or therapeutic in nature. Diagnostic D&C is done to obtain sample of the endometrial tissue in cases of :

1. Abnormal uterine bleeding
2. Suspicious endometrial cells in a routine pap smear.
3. Post menopausal bleeding

D&C can also be uterus cleaning treatment in some conditions such as :

Following an incomplete abortion to remove the remaining tissues, sothat no infection or excessive bleeding develops.
It can also be used after childbirth to clear out minor pieces of the placenta,which remains attached to the endometrium causing severe bleeding.
To resolve abnormal uterine bleeding from irregular to very heavy menstrual flow

D&C procedure is done under anesthesia .The type of anesthesia chosen will depend on the patient’s medical history and also the indication for the D&C. Pre operative fasting may be needed as advised by the doctor .The doctor may also prescribe some medications to start cervical dilatation.

Under anesthesia, the size and position of the uterus is examined.
An instrument called speculum is inserted into the vagina to hold the walls apart.
The entrance of the cervix is widened using dilators which vary in size,
Curette, which is a spoon-shaped instrument, is inserted into the uterus through the dilated cervix.
Endometrium, that is the lining of the uterus, is scraped off by the curette.
The collected tissues are then sent to a laboratory for further examination.

Following the procedure, the patient is shifted to the recovery room where she is closely monitored for vaginal bleeding. In uncomplicated cases the patient is discharged after 6 hours.

D&C is generally considered a safe procedure but as with all surgeries there may be unexpected complications such as

Heavy bleeding
Allergic reactions to medications used
Infection
Cervical damage due to passage of instruments
Puncture of the uterus
Uterine endometrial scarring

Recovery may vary depending on each individual and the form of anesthesia used. Most individuals may experience cramps or slight vaginal spotting after D&C Proper rest and nutrition is advised. In case of heavy bleeding, chills, fever or foul smelling drainage from the vagina make sure to consult your doctor.